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Finite doses of the formulation were applied to human skin and permeation was monitored, at 32☌ under non-occluded conditions, for 48 h.

In order to investigate the possibility of fentanyl toxicity arising from leaking of patches, the permeation of fentanyl from the reservoir gel of a commercially available fentanyl transdermal patch was examined in vitro. Concerns have also been raised about the possibility that defects in such patches may result in leaking of the reservoir of the patch onto patients' skin and consequent overdose. Fatalities associated with misuse or overuse of fentanyl patches have been reported. Toxicology in Vitro An International Journal Published in Association with Bibra 26(4): 645-648 2012įentanyl in a rate controlling membrane (RCM) transdermal patch form has been available since the early 1990s for outpatient management of chronic pain.